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building the surface…
STOCKPILE SURVEYAggregate pit · 158 drone photos · checked against a terrestrial laser scan
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MEASURED, NOT CLAIMED

Our surface differenced against a terrestrial laser scan of the same pit, cell by cell on a 25 cm grid — 43,698 cells compared.

9 cmmedian difference
from the laser
within 25 cm97.5%
within 10 cm54.9%
RMS13 cm
95th percentile23 cm

THE SURVEY

photographs158
surface points7.0 M
area captured256 × 180 m
relief20 m
model resolution40 cm

WHERE WE DIFFER

Difference between the drone survey and the laser scan
−50 cm+50 cm

Pale is agreement. Grey is ground the laser reached and the drone did not.

Positioned from the aircraft's own satellite navigation alone — no ground control points. That places the whole model within about 1.4 m absolutely; surveyed control removes even that. The figures above describe the shape, which is what a volume is made of.
Surface shown is the measured 40 cm model; 1.3% is interpolated across small gaps and larger gaps are left open rather than invented. Demonstration imagery: Shahbazi, Ménard, Sohn & Théau (2019), Unmanned aerial image dataset: Ready for 3D reconstruction, Data in Brief, doi:10.1016/j.dib.2019.103962 — CC BY. Reconstruction and measurements by Northline. Scan-derived and intended to support expert review — not survey-grade.